Fig. 2: Less dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and more dissolved organic nitrogen (DIN) in lake water during defoliator outbreaks.
From: Forest defoliator outbreaks alter nutrient cycling in northern waters
Mean (±SE) (a) monthly DOC and (b) DIN concentration averaged across 12 lakes from 1985 to 2016. For visualization purposes, monthly catchment-level averages of DOC and DIN were grouped into three equal-width bins for the percent catchment area defoliated and points show the corresponding mean ± SE. However, slopes were estimated to models fitted to non-binned data with N = 289–340 and 270–320 per month for DOC and DIN, respectively (Supplementary Table 2). The mean value of each bin is displayed with the corresponding range in parentheses. Shaded area is the typical period of leaf senescence for the southern boreal forests. Upper arrows illustrate the general life stages of phytophagous insects while lower arrows show leaf senescence. Asterisks (*) denote a statistically significant effect of the percentage of catchment damaged on either DOC or DIN within a given month calculated using estimated marginal means (see Supplementary Table 2). Conditional \({R}_{c}^{2}\) = 0.63 and 0.64 in a and b, respectively.
