Fig. 1: Morphology of Cu2O cubes and their evolution during CO2RR.

a Sequence of images illustrating the morphological changes observed in ~170 nm cubes after (i) introducing CO2 saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 under open circuit potential, (ii) while applying a reductive potential of −1.1 VRHE and (iii) after ~9 min at −1.1 VRHE, where a large bubble formed. The image sequences were all acquired with an electron flux of 1.7 e− Å−2 s−1. Comparison of Cu2O cubes b before and c after reaction using ex situ TEM imaging and electron diffraction (upper right inserts). d STEM-EDX maps of the same cubes showing the Cu and O signals.