Fig. 6: Relapsed leukemia cells generate greater clonal dominance in the PDX model than chemotherapy-naïve cells from the same patients.

a Human B-ALL cells acquired from two patients at distinct disease stages (chemotherapy naïve and chemotherapy relapsed) were genetically labeled with DNA barcodes and transplanted into irradiated immunocompromised mice. Leukemia progression was monitored through peripheral blood analysis. b Human chimerism of the mouse peripheral blood following transplantation of diagnostic (naïve) and relapsed leukemia cells from the same patients. Each line depicts data from one mouse. c Number of unique DNA barcodes detected in the peripheral blood. Each line depicts data from one mouse. **P < 0.01. d Clonal diversity in the peripheral blood over time. Each line represents data from one recipient mouse. *P < 0.05. c, d Independent two-sided t test without adjustment. e Clonal abundance distribution changes over time. The histogram shows data from all mice. f Clonal composition in the peripheral blood of mice xenografted by naïve and relapsed samples of the same patient. Each color represents one distinct genetic barcode corresponding to a leukemia clone. Additional mice are shown in Supplementary Fig. 31. g Clonal abundance change over time. Each line represents one clone. Each color depicts one mouse. Shown are all clones exceeding 1% of mononuclear cells (MNC) abundance at any time point. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.