Fig. 4: Results of the multidimensional scaling and clustering based on dissimilarity of psychiatric comorbidity sequences in schizophrenia and cumulative incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorder categories and levels of risk factors and outcomes in each of the five clusters identified. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Results of the multidimensional scaling and clustering based on dissimilarity of psychiatric comorbidity sequences in schizophrenia and cumulative incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorder categories and levels of risk factors and outcomes in each of the five clusters identified.

From: Associations between patterns in comorbid diagnostic trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia and etiological factors

Fig. 4

A Multidimensional scaling and clustering of the 5432 individuals with schizophrenia based on the dissimilarity in psychiatric comorbidity trajectories measured by sequence analysis. B The most frequent state at each time interval (modal sequence) of each of the five clusters. C The cumulative incidence at age 30 of each comorbid diagnosis before (blue) and after (white) schizophrenia in each of the five clusters of individuals with schizophrenia. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Sample sizes are: Cluster 1: (Nnone/Nbefore/Nafter) F1: 321/129/103; F3: 517/50/24; F4: 490/66/33; F50: 581/<15/<6; F60: 448/92/52; F70: 514/46/20; F84: 462/98/25; F9: 66/449/59; Cluster 2: (Nnone/Nbefore/Nafter) F1: 786/426/298; F3: 411/895/204; F4: 907/416/219; F50: 1307/191/62; F60: 619/669/202; F70: 1423/85/52; F84: 1420/97/52; F9: 1146/260/144; Cluster 3: (Nnone/Nbefore/Nafter) F1: 657/28/40; F3: 118/434/112; F4: 596/75/53; F50: 700/15/16; F60: 555/109/64; F70: 717/<6/<13; F84: 713/<6/<21; F9: 716/<6/<15; Cluster 4: (Nnone/Nbefore/Nafter) F1: 0/383/201; F3: 699/<6/<31; F4: 679/15/30; F50: 723/<6/<6; F60: 631/47/42; F70: 712/<6/<11; F84: 722/<6/<11; F9: 652/30/42; Cluster 5: (Nnone/Nbefore/Nafter) F1: 1550/57/136; F3: 1675/64/44; F4: 1594/99/93; F50: 1751/23/15; F60: 1570/119/84; F70: 1733/18/24; F84: 1726/24/31; F9: 1714/16/51. D Mean and 95%-confidence interval of Z-score of continuous risk factors and outcomes for each of the clusters. Sample sizes are (Ncl1/Ncl2/Ncl3/Ncl4/Ncl5): PGS: 246/641/304/270/687; maternal age: 469/1474/702/499/1239; paternal age: 455/1453/696/493/1227; birth weight: 458/1457/684/489/1209; birth length: 578/1553/720/710/1754; number of hospitalizations and total time hospitalized: 597/1580/734/729/1792. E Proportion with categorical risk factor in each cluster minus the proportion in all individuals (95% confidence intervals). Sample sizes are (Ncl1/Ncl2/Ncl3/Ncl4/Ncl5): bacterial infection and viral infection: 597/1580/734/729/1792; maternal diagnosis, any psychiatric and maternal diagnosis, schizophrenia: 581/1554/726/720/1771; paternal diagnosis, any psychiatric: 580/1553/724/720/1769; maternal smoking in pregnancy: 189/412/127/94/268.

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