Fig. 2: System characteristics of osseosurface electronic systems.
From: Osseosurface electronics—thin, wireless, battery-free and multimodal musculoskeletal biointerfaces
a–c Device for large animal models. Device photograph (a). Harvested power and voltage as functions of electrical load (b). Spatial distribution of harvested power using a handheld primary antenna at a load of 300 Ω (c). d–f Device for small animal models. Device photograph (d). Harvested power and voltage as functions of electrical load (e). Spatial distribution of harvested power using a 45 cm × 12 cm primary antenna measured with a load of ~900 Ω (f). g Power consumption of the device operating at different modes: I. temperature sensing; II. temperature and strain sensing; and III. temperature and strain sensing, and optical stimulation. Modes II and III are represented by green and red dashed lines in (b) and (e) that indicate the value of electrical load and power consumption. h Data rate of wireless communication for a large animal device (immersed in PBS solution) read and powered by a handheld primary antenna as a function of antenna-to-device distance. Inset, 3D rendering of the experimental setup. i Demonstration of long-term data recording, for a small animal device (immersed in PBS solution), measured with the 45 cm × 12 cm primary antenna on a custom-built metal-free rat treadmill with back-and-forth motion at a speed of 25 cm s−1. The wireless results are benchmarked against environmental temperature recorded by a thermometer (red data line) placed in close proximity. Inset, 3D rendering of the experimental setup.
