Fig. 3: Tissue-resident memory T cell subsets in the lung.

BALB/c mice were vaccinated according to Fig. 1A. In absence of suitable MHC-I multimers, antigen-experienced CD8⁺ T cells were identified by CD44 staining (A). Intravascular staining was used to differentiate between circulating (iv+) and tissue-resident (iv−) memory cells. Tissue-resident phenotypes were assessed by staining for CD69 and/or CD103 within the iv-protected memory compartment (B). The gating strategy is shown in Supplementary Fig. 2. Bars represent group means with SEM (A) or overlaid with individual data points (B); naïve n = 4; DNA-Ad5 n = 5; other groups n = 6. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Statistical significant differences are indicated only among the different the vaccine groups; p values indicate significant differences (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005; ****p < 0.0001).