Table 1 Genes having replicated CpG(s) associated with gene expression in whole blood or monocytes, with significant causal effects for urate or gout, associated with cardiometabolic traits, or annotated as a GWAS locus for urate or gout.

From: Epigenome-wide association study of serum urate reveals insights into urate co-regulation and the SLC2A9 locus

				Direction of effect of the replicated CpGs
Chr	Gene	Function of encoded protein	No. of replicated CpG(s)	Serum urate	Gene expression in whole blood	Gene expression in monocyte	Cardiometabolic traits	Causal effect	GWAS locus (urate, gout)
1	LRRC8D	Anion channel component	1	↓		↓
1	NBPF20/PDZK1	Neuroblastoma breakpoint family member/scaffolding protein incl. urate transporters	1	↓			↓		Urate, gout
1	PHGDH	Enzyme in L-serine biosynthesis	2	↓	↓	↓	↓
1	SARS	Enzyme catalyzing L-serine transfer to tRNA	1	↓			↓
3	CLEC3B	Encodes tetranectin	1	↓		↓
3	PARP3	Encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase 3	1	↓	↓	↓
4	SLC2A9^a	Urate transporter	7	↑↓		↑↓		Urate, gout	Urate, gout
4	SLC7A11	Component of cysteine/glutamate exchanger	1	↓			↓
5	PURA	DNA-binding protein	1	↓		↑
6	LINC01512	RNA gene		↓			↓
7	GARS	Enzyme catalyzing glycine transfer to tRNA	2	↓			↓
7	SH2B2	Adapter protein for tyrosine kinase receptor family members	1	↓			↓
9	UAP1L1	Encodes UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Pyrophosphorylase 1 Like 1	1	↓	↑	↑
11	CPT1A	Enzyme in mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids	1	↓			↓
11	HRASLS2	(PLAAT2) enzyme with phospholipase A1/2 and acyltransferase activities	1	↓					Urate
11	SLC43A1	Large neutral amino acid transporter	1	↓			↓
11	WEE1	Ser/Thr tyrosine kinase	1	↓			↓
14	GALC	Enzyme in hydrolyzation of glycolipids	1	↓		↓
14	WARS	Enzyme catalyzing tryptophan transfer to tRNA	1	↓	↓
16	NOD2	Protein involved in immune response	1	↓		↑	↓
19	BCL3	Transcriptional activator	1	↓			↓
19	NFIX	Transcription factor	1	↓		↑
19	SLC1A5	Neutral amino acid transporter	6	↓	↓	↓	↓
21	ABCG1	Member of the ABC transporter family, phospholipid efflux	1	↑	↓	↓	↓

The arrows indicate the effect direction of DNA methylation at each replicated CpG.
Gene function was obtained from Uniprot, EntrezGene, and/or PubMed.
Chr chromosome.
^aAt SLC2A9, the up and down arrows indicate that some CpGs in this gene were associated with serum urate and gene expression in the positive direction and some in the negative direction.

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Table 1 Genes having replicated CpG(s) associated with gene expression in whole blood or monocytes, with significant causal effects for urate or gout, associated with cardiometabolic traits, or annotated as a GWAS locus for urate or gout.

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