Table 1 Pooled characteristics of the discovery and replication samples.

From: Meta-analyses identify DNA methylation associated with kidney function and damage

EWAS Trait

eGFR

UACR

EWAS stage

Discovery

Replication

Discovery

Replication

Ancestries included

AA, EA, HIS, SA, SSA

AA, EA

AA, EA, HIS, SSA

AA, EA, AI

Sample sizea

22,318

11,359

11,579

3611

Age, mean (SD)

56.8 (12.5)

56.0 (15.7)

59.2 (12.2)

58.0 (10.6)

Male, % (n)

48.6 (10855)

44.6 (5071)

47.3 (5472)

42.9 (1550)

Diabetes, % (n)

12.6 (2813)

8.3 (948)

12.9 (1492)

32.5 (1175)

Hypertension, % (n)

44.3 (9888)

48.2 (5480)

49.5 (5729)

49.0 (1770)

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

27.8 (5.2)

27.6 (5.7)

28.2 (5.3)

30.3 (6.3)

Current smoking, % (n)

14.5 (3236)

16.1 (1832)

13.3 (1538)

28.6 (1032)

eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73m2

87.4 (19.4)

91.2 (20.3)

86.4 (19.5)

93.9 (19.1)

UACR, median (1st, 3rd quartile), mg/g

NA

NA

6.5 (4.0, 12.3)

7.7 (3.8, 20.3)

CKD, % (n)

7.8 (1741)

7.4 (842)

NA

NA

microalbuminuria, % (n)

NA

NA

10.4 (1207)

18.4 (666)

  1. AA African American ancestry, AI American Indian ancestry, EA European ancestry, HIS Hispanics, SA South Asian ancestry, SSA Sub-Saharan African ancestry, NA not assessed, EWAS epigenome-wide association study, SD standard deviation, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CKD chronic kidney disease.
  2. aThe maximum sample size of the EWAS is lower due to missing methylation values for individual CpG sites.