Fig. 1: Magnetic properties of SmFeO₃.

a Rare-earth orthoferrite Pnma structure⁵⁵. Oxygen, iron and rare-earth ions are given in red, green and turquoise, respectively, FeO₆ octahedra in pale blue. Solid and dashed lines describe the orthorhombic unit cell and the pseudo-cubic setting, respectively. b Evolution of the magnetization (data taken from Ref. ¹⁹): at the Néel temperature T_N, the Fe³⁺ spins order in a A_xF_yG_z-type fashion. At the spin reorientation, the magnetic order changes to C_xG_yF_z. The spin canting leads to a net-magnetization. Both Fe³⁺ spin structures are sketched in pseudo-cubic settings. At low temperatures, the iron magnetism induces the magnetic Sm³⁺ sublattice with a net-magnetic moment (turquoise arrows) aligning antiparallel to the iron moments, which leads to a magnetic compensation point T_comp at 3.9 K.