Table 2 qpAdm models for sex-biased admixture estimated using the autosomes and the X chromosome.

From: Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Population

Autosomes

X chromosome

Z-score for X-autosome difference

Nilotic-related

West Eurasian-related

Std. Err.

P-value

Nilotic-related

West Eurasian-related

Std. Err.

P-value

Kulubnarti

42.5%

57.5%

0.3%

0.435

35.60%

64.4%

1.8%

0.988

3.78

Kulubnarti_S

43.2%

56.8%

0.4%

0.289

36.20%

63.8%

1.7%

0.970

4.01

Kulubnarti_R

42.3%

57.7%

0.4%

0.382

33.70%

66.3%

2.9%

0.638

2.94

  1. ‘O9’ + Anatolia_EBA used as the reference set (“Methods”). Ancestry proportions and standard error computed by qpAdm; Z-score represents difference in West Eurasian-related ancestry between the autosomes and X chromosome; the Z-score is positive if there is more West Eurasian-related ancestry on the X chromosome (i.e., female-biased ancestry); formula for Z-score calculation in “Methods”. We use Dinka and Levant_BAIA as proxy sources for Nilotic-related and West Eurasian-related ancestry, respectively.
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