Fig. 3: Enzymology characterization of NapW-catalyzed reduction in NDM biosynthesis.

a Crystal structure of NapW-NADP⁺ complex. In this cartoon model, polar amino acids (Glu113, Asp165, Arg176, Asn177, and Trp213) around nicotinamide terminal shown as sticks. b Proposed enzymatic mechanism. c NMR analysis of enzymatic products.