Fig. 4: Antitumor efficacy of PL1-OX40 mRNA + anti-OX40 antibody when combined with surgery or checkpoint inhibitors.
a Schematic illustration of the treatment of PL1-OX40 (ψ) mRNA + anti-OX40 (40 µg) Ab in combination with surgery (tumors volume <500 mm3). b Tumor volumes of individual mice (n = 7–10 per group) following six i.t. injections with PBS, PL1 + anti-OX40 (40 µg) or PL1-OX40 (ψ) + anti-OX40 Ab (40 µg). c, d Tumor volumes (c) and survival (d) of mice. n = 7 mice in PBS group, n = 10 mice in PL1 + anti-OX40 (40 µg) group, and n = 10 mice in PL1-OX40 (ψ) + anti-OX40 Ab (40 µg) group. e Tumor volumes of rechallenged tumor-free mice from b (n = 2) after surgery with native C57BL/6 mice as the control (n = 5). On day 78, the mice were removed. f Schematic illustration of the treatment of PL1-OX40 (ψ) mRNA + anti-OX40 (40 µg) Ab in combination with anti-PD-1 (100 µg) + anti-CTLA-4 (100 µg) Ab. Anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 Abs were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 3 days for six doses. g Tumor volumes of individual mice received six doses of PBS (n = 10), anti-mouse PD-1 + anti-mouse CTLA-4 Abs (n = 10), or PL1-OX40 (ψ) + anti-OX40 (40 µg) Ab with anti-PD-1 Ab and anti-CTLA-4 Ab (n = 10) every other day. h, i Tumor volumes (h) and survival (i) of mice. n = 10 mice per group. j Tumor volumes of rechallenged mice that completely responded to the treatment with PL1-OX40 (ψ) + anti-OX40 (40 µg) + anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (n = 6) vs. native control (n = 7). Data in c, e, h, and j are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance in c, h, and j were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Statistical significance in d and i was analyzed with the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
