Fig. 2: Dynamic measurements of piezoelectricity using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Dynamic measurements of piezoelectricity using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM).

From: Piezoelectricity in hafnia

Fig. 2

a–c PFM phase (top panel) and amplitude (bottom panel) loops measured in the IrO2/PZT/Pt capacitor (a), PVDF film (b), and Pt/Ti/TiN/La:HfO2/TiN capacitor (c). The loops were obtained in the bias-off mode to minimize the electrostatic contribution to the PFM signal.

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