Fig. 4: Effects of the antiandrogen treatment of dominant dams on the behaviour of concurrently pregnant subordinates within the same clan.
Subordinate dams in mid pregnancy (MP) to early postpartum (PP), that were co-dwelling with a dominant treated dam (SubDT) initiated higher hourly rates of a food competition and b high-intensity aggression (HIA) whilst foraging than did subordinate dams co-dwelling with a dominant control dam (SubDC). SubDC (filled teal); SubDT (open teal). Mean ± s.e. hourly rates on the left y axis; raw data distribution on the right y axis (to accommodate zero inflation). Analyses used GLMMs, with two-tailed χ2, based on 22 pregnancies of 22 subordinate dams, observed during 388 focal sessions. SubDT dams appeared to initiate fewer c prosocial or d submissive interactions whilst at the den than did SubDC dams, but smaller sample sizes precluded analyses. The subordinates’ broader range of stages (relative to those of dominant females in Fig. 3) accommodates variability in the synchrony of concurrent pregnancies in cohabiting females. Values in parentheses represent the numbers of pregnancies sampled across locales; significant P values in grey. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
