Fig. 3: Adhesion performance of the Electro-Ox hydrogel tape.
a Cyclic compression and fracture curves versus displacement of instant adhesion for porcine skin using Electro-Ox hydrogel tape in 20 cycles. The top inset corresponds to a schematic of the compression and fracture cycles. The bottom inset corresponds to the magnified fracture curves. b Cyclic compression and fracture curves versus time (top) and normalized tensile strength (ε, bottom) of instant adhesion for porcine skin using Electro-Ox hydrogel tape in 20 cycles. Values represent the mean and standard deviation (n = 3 independent samples). c Typical lap shear curves of instant adhesion (0 min), adhesion after the fracture of initial adhesion (0 min’), adhesion after curing for 20 min (20 min), and instant adhesion after the fracture of 20 min adhesion (20 min’). The inset corresponds to the normalized tensile strength of a second instant adhesion event after different times (normalized 0 min’, 5 min’, 10 min’, 20 min’, 40 min’, and 80 min’). Values represent the mean and standard deviation (n = 3 independent samples). d Image and schematic for the measurement of shear strength based on the standard lap shear test. F force, W width, L length. e Typical force–displacement curve recorded in the lap shear test and the determination of shear strength. f Shear strength, tensile strength, and interfacial toughness of long-term adhesion for different hydrogels. P values, two-tailed Student’s t test. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. g, h Shear strength of short-term (g) and long-term (h) adhesion for different porcine organs using Electro-Ox hydrogel tape. i Shear strength of long-term adhesion for different substrates (Fe, SiO2, PMMA, and glass) using Electro-Ox hydrogel tape. Insets of g–i correspond to the typical force–displacement curves recorded in the lap shear tests. Values in f–i represent the mean and standard deviation (n = 5 independent samples).
