Fig. 1: Energy diagram and dark current of perovskite photodiodes.

a Schematic energy band diagram for mixed FA_0.66MA_0.34Pb_(1–x)Sn_xI₃ perovskite photodiodes. Uncertainties in the energy levels are depicted in Supplementary Fig. 3. b Experimental (circles colored with light blue (x = 0), dark blue (x = 0.25), light green (x = 0.40) and dark green (x = 0.50)) and simulated (black lines) J − V characteristics in dark. Simulations were performed in absence (dashed line) and presence (solid line) of the PTAA electron blocking layer. Simulation parameters are presented in Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Note 1.