Fig. 3: Comparison of the succinylome of brains from ten controls and ten patients with AD reveal many specific differences (p < 0.05, two-sided Student’s t-test).

a Volcano plot of 932 brain protein peptide succinylation in controls and AD patients. The signal detection result shows the magnitude (log₂Fold Change, x-axis) and significance (−log₁₀ p-value, y-axis) for brain succinylation changes associated with AD. Each spot represents a specific succinylated peptide. Blue symbols to the left of zero indicate succinylated peptides that are decreased significantly while red symbols to the right of zero indicate succinylated peptides that are upregulated significantly in AD brains (p < 0.05, two-sided Student’s t-test). b Peptides with significant differences in succinylation between control and AD brains. Decreases (blue bars) or increases (red bars) from the control succinylome are depicted as relative fold change. The sequence of the peptide and the name of the gene to which the peptides belong is noted for each bar. c Comparison of the AD-related changes in global proteome and succinylome. The succinylated peptides from the succinylome were clustered based on their proteins. For each protein, its relative fold change in succinylome and global proteome of AD cases versus controls is shown. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.