Fig. 3: Shared microbial signatures between butyrate-fed mother and offspring resistant to the disease phenotype.

A An experimental overview of stool microbiome analysis from RRV-infected mice from water- and butyrate-fed females. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) of 16s rRNA organismal taxonomic units (OTUs) of fecal specimens from water- (B, C) and butyrate-fed (D, E) mothers and offspring 12–14 days after RRV or PBS injection. F Venn diagram depicting the number of OTUs from butyrate-treated pregnant female and their offspring infected with RRV with (diseased) or without (resistant) biliary obstruction (Fisher’s exact test and Z-score value from adjusted standardized residuals, n = 6–11 per group). G Bacterial communities in 85 OTUs shared between butyrate-fed mothers and diseased and resistant offspring compared to 508 OTUs shared between butyrate-fed mothers and resistant offspring (Chi-square test and Z-score value from adjusted standardized residuals, n = 6–11 per group). H Cladogram showing a significantly different abundance of bacterial taxa with LDA scores >3.5 magnitude changes between diseased and resistant phenotypes in RRV-infected newborn mice from butyrate-fed mothers (Kruskal–Wallis sum-rank test, n = 6–11 per group). Source data for this figure are provided as a Source data file.