Fig. 1: Expansion dynamics for a dual-species Ca+/Yb+ UNP.
From: Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures

The top two rows show a vertical cut through the spatial density profile in the center of the plasma. The top row shows the Ca+ density profile and the middle row shows the Yb+ density profile. The bottom row shows uz(z), the z-component of the hydrodynamic velocity uα at the time labeled in the figure. The frictional confinement of the Ca+ ions and also the demonstrated hydrodynamic flow locking justify a uniform-density MD simulation as described in the text.