Fig. 2: Temperature evolution of Ca⁺/Yb⁺ mixture.

Data are from MD simulations with Ca⁺ and Yb⁺ densities of 4.3 × 10⁹ and 1.3 × 10¹⁰ cm⁻³, respectively. For this simulation κ = 0.395, T_e = 100 K, n_e = 1.73 × 10¹⁰cm⁻³. T_avg is calculated from Eq. (12), Γ_{Y b,Ca} from Eq. (1), and g from Eq. (21). The oscillations in the temperature during the first 0.5 μs are kinetic energy oscillations initiated during the DIH process [see refs. ⁵⁶ and ⁵⁸].