Fig. 2: Effects of perovskite precursor concentration on the film properties. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Effects of perovskite precursor concentration on the film properties.

From: A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

Fig. 2

a SEM images of control and target triple-cation perovskite films with different precursor concentrations. The insets show cross-sectional SEM images. The scale bar is 500 nm. b The relationship between perovskite precursor concentration and film thickness. All films were prepared using identical coating conditions. The film thickness was measured by profilometry. c GIWAXS scattering intensity vs. q. d Azimuthally integrated intensity of the ring in q range of \(1{\mathring{\rm A} }^{-1}\) assigned to (100) diffraction. e The change of crystal size of perovskite phase (\(2{{{{{\rm{\theta }}}}}}=14^\circ\)) vs. precursor composition. J–V curves (f) and IPCE spectra (g) of triple-cation PSCs are based on different precursor solutions.

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