Fig. 3: CO2RR performances of the catalysts.

a–c FEs of various reduction products for AuNN@PCN-222(Cu), AuNP@PCN-222(Cu), and PCN-222(Cu), respectively, at different potentials. d–f Chronoamperometric stability tests for AuNN@PCN-222(Cu), AuNP@PCN-222(Cu), and PCN-222(Cu) at −1.2, −1.0, and −1.2 V, respectively, with the gaseous products measured every 1 h.