Fig. 2: Characterization of FEP powder before and after contact-electro-catalysis.

a Morphological characterization and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the FEP powder before reaction, as well as b, after the reaction. c Particle size distribution of FEP powder. d Raman spectra before (orange) and after (blue) the reaction. e Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra before (orange) and after (blue) the reaction. f C1s g F1s, and h O1s XPS spectra of FEP powder before and after the reaction.