Fig. 4: Mechanism of contact-electro-catalysis.

a Schematic representing the contact-electro-catalysis phenomenon during ultrasonication. The red sphere represents the oxygen atom, while the white for a hydrogen atom, and black for electrons. b DFT calculations of the values of LUMO and HOMO levels for Water-FEP and O2-FEP in various conditions as indicated by the legend. c Proposed mechanism for the degradation of MO by contact-electro-catalysis generated radicals.