Fig. 5: Proposed reaction mechanism of benzyl alcohol oxidation.

a, Schematic illustrations of the reaction processes for benzyl alcohol oxidation on Au/CoOOH. The color of each element is yellow for Au, blue for Co, red for O, white for H, gray for C, and purple for K, respectively. The optimized geometries of reaction intermediates on Au/CoOOH are also displayed. b, Gibbs free energy diagrams for benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzoic acid on Au and Au/CoOOH under working condition. The numbers in the bracket are the Gibbs free energies in the unit of eV. The serial numbers for the elementary steps are also labeled in both a and b.