Fig. 4: Ocean heat content for each north–south section.

a Bar graphs denote the differences in ocean heat content (OHC) among the observational lines relative to the line distance in the depth layer of 400–700 m (upper panel) and mCDW layer (lower panel) (Supplementary Table 1). b Vertical section of the temperature above the in situ freezing point along the L3 (left panel) and L4 (right panel; Fig. 1a) sections. Dashed black and solid white contours indicate a 5 cm/s outflow from the PIIS cavity and inflow to the PIIS cavity, respectively. Solid grey contours indicate zero velocity. Solid black contours denote the 27.47 kg/m3 and 27.75 kg/m3 (potential density) isopycnals in 2020.