Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and cubosomes against isolates of A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae in CaMHB.

From: A polytherapy based approach to combat antimicrobial resistance using cubosomes

Bacteria

MICa (µg/mL)

Amikacin

Aztreonam

Doripenem

PMBb

Cubosomesc

A. baumannii ATCC 19606

26.67 ± 7.54

32.00d

2.33 ± 1.25

0.67 ± 0.24

>32

A. baumannii 5075

>32

>32

8.00d

2.00d

>32

A. baumannii FADDI-AB240

>32

>32

26.67 ± 7.54

1.00d

>32

A. baumannii FADDI-AB241

>32

>32

32.00d

26.67 ± 7.54

>32

P. aeruginosa FADDI-PA070

>32

32.00d

6.67 ± 1.89

32.00d

>32

K. pneumoniae ATCC 700721

32.00d

>32

0.33 ± 0.12

0.50d

>32

K. pneumoniae FADDI-KP012

18.67 ± 9.98

>32

>32

26.67 ± 7.54

>32

  1. aMinimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest drug concentration that prevents visible bacterial growth. The European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints were used to determine susceptibility and resistance to a particular antibiotic (see “Methods” for further clarification).
  2. bResistance for free PMB was defined as an MIC of >2 µg/mL against all bacterial species tested58.
  3. cResistance to cubosomes was defined as an MIC >32 µg/mL as phytantriol cubosomes exhibited no cytotoxicity up to 50 μg/mL67.
  4. dMIC values were identical across all experiments.
  5. All data were expressed as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed in triplicate (n = 3). Mean values and error bars were defined as the mean and SD, respectively. PMB, polymyxin B; CaMHB, cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth. Names of all bacterial taxa are printed in italics.
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