Fig. 1: Identification of HBc-binding ISG proteins that regulates HBV production. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Identification of HBc-binding ISG proteins that regulates HBV production.

From: Galectin-9 restricts hepatitis B virus replication via p62/SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy of viral core proteins

Fig. 1

a NanoBRET-based screen to identify HBc-interacting proteins encoded by ISGs in living cells. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with NanoLuc (NL)-conjugated HBc (derived from HBV genotype C) and HaloTag (HT)-fused ISG expression vectors (130 genes). Following, HT-618 ligand and furimazine substrate were added. If two proteins were within 200 nm of each other, NanoBRET signals were detected. The interaction between NL-HBc and HT-HBc was used as the positive control. The top 10 proteins with the highest NanoBRET signals are indicated by arrowheads. The mean ± SEM of three independent determinations is plotted. b LGALS9 suppresses HBV particle production. HepG2 cells were transfected with the HBV molecular clone pHBV and either of the indicated ISG expression vectors. Cells were washed 4 h after transfection. Three days after transfection, viral DNA in culture supernatants was measured by qPCR. c LGALS9, but not other galectin family proteins, interacts with HBc. NanoBRET analysis as described in a was performed on HepG2 cells expressing NL-HBc and the indicated HT-LGALS proteins. d LGALS9 specifically suppresses HBV production. HBV production assay as described in b was performed on HepG2 cells expressing pHBV and the indicated HT-LGALS proteins. Bar charts are presented as a mean ± SD (n = 3 experiments). ****P < 0.0001 (b), ***P = 0.0006 (d), two-tailed unpaired t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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