Fig. 1: Obesity induces the leakage of microbial DNA containing extracellular vesicles (mEVs) from the gut lumen into pancreatic β cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Obesity induces the leakage of microbial DNA containing extracellular vesicles (mEVs) from the gut lumen into pancreatic β cells.

From: Accumulation of microbial DNAs promotes to islet inflammation and β cell abnormalities in obesity in mice

Fig. 1

a Bacterial DNA abundance within the insulin+ cells in the pancreas of both healthy humans and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Left, representative images; right, statistics of the number of 16s rRNA+insulin+ cells per islet and each dot represents the mean value from each donor. n = 3 normal heathy donors and n = 3 T2DM donors. Scale bar = 30 µm. b 16 s rRNA levels within the GFP + β cells sorted from lean or 12 weeks high-fat diet (12wks HFD)-fed MIPGFP mice (n = 6 per group). c Bacterial DNA abundance in the circulation of both NCD WT and 12wks HFD WT mice (n = 6 per group). d The abundance of bacterial DNAs in the EVs or EV-free fraction of 12wks HFD mouse plasma (n = 6 per group). e The intensities of 16 s rRNA and PKH26 fluorescence within the pancreas of both NCD WT and 12wks HFD recipient mice after 24 h of intravenous injection with PKH26-labeled intestinal EVs. Scale bar = 30 µm. Representative images are from three independent experiments. All experiments were repeated at least twice with similar results. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. P values are determined by unpaired two-sided Student’s t test (a–d).

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