Fig. 1: Concept of plasmonic optical fiber sensing inside the battery.
From: Operando monitoring of ion activities in aqueous batteries with plasmonic fiber-optic sensors
a Schematic of a gold-coated fiber-optic sensor closely attached electrolyte-electrode interface of an aqueous battery for in situ detection interfacial ion concentrations and ion transport activities; b Sketch of the configuration of a plasmonic fiber-optic sensor. A tilted fiber Bragg grating (1 cm in length) imprinted in a commercial single-mode fiber (125 μm in diameter) and coated with a gold film (50 nm in thickness) for high-efficiency surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) excitation; c Experimental setup of a plasmonic fiber-optic sensing system and an electrochemical calibration system for Zn-ion battery measurement. RE: reference electrode, WE: working electrode, CE: counter electrode. The dash-dot-line inset presents the voltage of the battery (top) and corresponding optical output of the plasmonic fiber sensor (bottom) simultaneously.
