Fig. 2: Distinct cytokine profiles in participants that developed pharyngitis.
From: Immune signature of acute pharyngitis in a Streptococcus pyogenes human challenge trial
a Saliva cytokines and chemokines at timepoint 0 h (pre-infection) 24 h post-infection (24 h) and 72 h post-infection (72 h) between pharyngitis positive (n = 19, red) and negative (n = 6, blue) participants. b Heatmap summary of serum cytokines and chemokines analysed with normalized Z-score. c Serum cytokines and chemokines that had increased during infection. d Unsupervised PCA analysis of serum cytokines and chemokines between pharyngitis positive and negative participants at 72 h post-infection and the top 5 factors contributing to differences. Data presented as boxplots show median ± IQR with min–max whiskers. A Friedman’s test was used to compare responses over time in P+ and P− groups, while a Mann–Whitney U-test was performed to compare differences between P+ and P− groups. All tests performed were two-tailed and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.
