Fig. 1: STM of 2 ML NaCl(100) on Au(111) with topography and dI/dV measurements.
From: Anionic character of the conduction band of sodium chloride

a Overview of the measurement area (150 × 140Å2, IT = 8 pA, VS = −50 mV). 25 × 25 Å2 region marked, investigated for bias values between −3.0 V and +2.5 V. Inset: Fourier transform of f centred over a 8 nm−1 × 8 nm−1 region in reciprocal space. b Differential conductance (dI/dV) measured atop 2 ML NaCl(100)/Au(111) (marked by the black ring in a). The arrows point to onset of valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB). Inset. Surface state features of Au(111) and related interface state of 2 ML NaCl(100)/Au(111) measured at the positions marked in a by a grey ring and a black ring, respectively. Vertical scale: arbitrary units. c–h Raw data showing grayscale topography images obtained for sample bias between −3.0 V and +2.5 V as indicated. The red and blue dots in c mark the positions of Na and Cl ions of the NaCl(100) lattice, respectively. The corresponding tunnelling parameters (current, voltage) are indicated next to each topography image.