Fig. 4: Pairwise enrichment.

The heatmaps show how the observed frequency of amino acid residues in two randomised positions (\({f}_{a,b}^{{obs}}\)) divided by the expected frequency in an ideally balanced library (\({f}_{a}^{{id}}\cdot {f}_{b}^{{id}}\)). A logarithmic scale is used to display both enrichment (red) and depletion (blue). Each panel represents one pair of randomised positions. The presence of large hydrophobic residues Leu/Ile at any one of positions 7a, 9 or 11 serves as an “anchor”, so that these residues appear in combination with non-preferred amino acids. n = 29,563 for each individual heatmap.