Fig. 1: HFD-induced transgenerational lipid accumulation.

a Quantification of ORO staining of wild-type (N2) treated with different lipid foods (n ≥ 28 worms per condition). PA palmitoleic acid, OA oleic acid. b Experimental scheme. c, d Transgenerational inheritance of lipid accumulation induced by HFD (egg yolk) in wild-type C. elegans (n ≥ 28 per condition), scale bar = 100 μm. e Transgenerational inheritance of lipid accumulation induced by HFD in wild-type C. elegans. Worms were fed with HFD from L1 to L4 larvae before they were transferred to normal food until day 1 adulthood. Embryos collected by bleaching to obtain F1 animals that were fed with OP50. F2-Fn generations were obtained using the same protocol (n ≥ 34 per condition). f, g Quantification of ORO staining of F4 or F5 wild-type (N2) from parents exposed to HFD four (P0, F1, F2 and F3), three (F1, F2 and F3), two (F2 and F3) and one (F3) generation of animals (n ≥ 28 per condition). h Quantification of ORO staining of F1 or F2 from parents fed with HFD and without synchronization-caused starvation (n ≥ 30 per condition). i Lipid accumulation information induced by HFD could be transmitted through both male and female germlines. Quantification of ORO staining of recovered F1 progeny of fathers fed with HFD or mothers fed with HFD (n ≥ 30). For a and d–i, graph data are presented as mean ± SD (arb. units: arbitrary units), statistical analyses were performed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test and ANOVA analysis; ***p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.