Fig. 4: Spatial analysis of T cell distribution in glioblastomas.

a Illustration of the workflow using spatially resolved transcriptomics (stRNA-seq). b Histological images (H&E), upper plot, and surface plots of the gene set enrichment of the mesenchymal-like signature (n = 3 patients) c, d Spatial correlation analysis with Moran statistics (R²-values) between the GBM subtypes and CD8⁺ T cell clusters (c) and CD4⁺ T cells (d). Point size and color indicate spatial correlation. e, f Line plots illustrate the distance between the CD8⁺ clusters (TRM-CD39 (e) and T exhausted (f)) and tumor subtypes. The x-axis represents the cell type probability computed by gene set enrichment analysis of defined gene sets based on subtype. The y-axis represents the spatial distance to defined T cell clusters based on ranked SPOTlight probabilities. g Surface plot of the IFN-gamma and CCL2 response in the S3 tumor sample. h Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) data from a GBM sample with annotated cell types. i Spatial distance between tumor subtypes and exhausted CD8⁺ cells from IMC data.