Fig. 1: Intestinal epithelial AMPK knockout mice have impaired BAT function.
From: Intestinal AMPK modulation of microbiota mediates crosstalk with brown fat to control thermogenesis
For a–f, AMPKα1fl/fl (Control) and AMPKα1-IKO mice were fed chow diet. a Representative images of H&E-stained BAT sections. Scale bar = 100 µm. b Relative mRNA levels of genes in BAT (n = 5 biologically independent 0.0495, 0.0271, <0.0001, 0.0364, 0.0152, 0.0093, 0.0329, 0.0328, 0.0006. c Western blot analysis of UCP1 protein levels in BAT before and after cold exposure (6 °C) for 1 week. d, e VO2 of mice over 24 h (n = 7 biologically independent samples). P value: 0.0007, 0.0075. f Rectal temperatures of mice exposed to 6 °C for 2 h (n = 6 biologically independent samples). P value: 0.0004. For g–o, mice were fed HFD for 10–12 weeks. g Body weights of mice during the HFD feeding period. Mice were fed HFD from 6-week-old (n = 20 biologically independent samples for control group, n = 16 biologically independent samples for IKO group). P value: 0.0326, 0.0197, 0.0209. h, i Glucose tolerance test results at 10 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 7 biologically independent samples for control group, n = 5 group). P value for h: 0.0004, 0.0047, 0.0255. P value for i: 0.0088. j, k Insulin tolerance test results at 11 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 7 biologically independent samples for control group, n = 5 biologically independent samples for IKO group). P value for j: <0.0001, 0.0301, 0.0011, 0.0225. P value for k: 0.0003. l Relative mRNA levels of thermogenesis genes in BAT (n = 7 biologically independent samples). P value: <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0165. m UCP1 protein levels in BAT. n, o VO2 of mice over 24 h (n = 7 biologically independent samples). P value: 0.0119, 0.0079. Values are means ± s.e.m. for d, g, h, j, n. The boxplot elements (for b, e, f, i, k, l, and o) are defined as following: center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5 × interquartile range. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 cf. control mice by two-tailed Student’s t-tests (for b, e, i, k, l, o) and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests for f–h, o. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
