Fig. 2: Image labelling can become difficult due to ambiguity in input space26.
From: Active label cleaning for improved dataset quality under resource constraints

Top row shows the spectrum of ambiguity for cat images sampled from CIFAR10H dataset. The 2D plot illustrates different types of mislabelled samples: clear noise and difficult cases. We expect the former to be adjacent to semantically similar samples with a different label, and the latter to be closer to the optimal decision boundary.