Fig. 4: Role of ATP hydrolysis vs. nucleotide-binding in the assembly process to F1 of bacterial F-type ATP synthases.
From: Bacterial F-type ATP synthases follow a well-choreographed assembly pathway

LILBID spectra of in vitro α, β, γε assembly: The α- (light blue), β-subunit (dark blue), γε-complex (dark and light green) were incubated with 2 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM of a nucleotide at 4 °C for 1 h. Complex formation is observed after incubation with ATP (a), AMP-PNP (b), ADP (c), and ATP-γ-S (d). Full α3β3γε assembly can be identified next to small amounts of other F1 subcomplexes (e.g., α2β2δγε α2β2γε, αβγε, αβγ), for ATP as well as the non-hydrolysable ATP analogs, apart from AMP-PMP, where the highest observed complex is α2β2γε. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.