Fig. 4: Differential cognitive decline based on T/NM mismatch.

Longitudinal cognitive trajectories differ by group identities among (a–c) all participants and (d–f) A+ participants. Decline rates are shown for (a, d) AD Assessment Scale Cognitive 13 item (ADAS-Cog, higher score is worse), (b, e) Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB, higher is worse) and (c, f) Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE, lower is worse) by linear mixed effects models with amyloid status, baseline score, education, sex, age and T level as covariates. Lines show the mixed effect model and error bands show ±1 propagated standard error. Significant differences in pairwise comparisons of cognitive decline between a non-canonical and canonical group by linear mixed effects analysis with multiple test (Benjamini–Hochberg) adjustment are denoted as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005. +denotes p < 0.05 before multiple test adjustment. Sample sizes and p values are provided in Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.