Fig. 1: Location, sample and age-model of Dona Benedita cave.

a Location of Dona Benedita cave (pink star) and Pau d’Alho cave29 (yellow circle). Also represented are the records from lakes (purple circles)10,11,12, archeointensity and volcanic rocks for ages between 2000 BP and 7000 BP available in the GEOMAGIA50 database v3.450 derived from Ecuador (blue)51,52, Peru (pink)53,54,55,56,57, Bolivia (green)51 and Uruguay (brown)58 (Map generated with GMT software76). b Stalagmite DBE50 from Dona Benedita cave and c age model obtained through U/Th dating; data in red are inverse ages that were discarded in the age model. The solid cyan line represents the age model obtained with the StalAge algorithm34 and dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Arrows represent growth-rates with minimum and maximum values in solid black and average value in dashed cyan.