Fig. 4: Antiphase boundaries driven lattice oscillation in PZTN97/3.

a Spontaneously assembled APBs with long-period ordering. A large-area view of whole grain is presented in Fig. S5. b, c The atom-resolved HAADF image viewed along [110]_p direction and corresponding two-dimensional Pb horizontal displacement mapping, respectively, where the APB manifest itself as a U-like green curve. The inset in b illustrates an ideal model of APB based on antipolar displacement. d Quantified profiles obtained from yellow rectangle box in b show variations of lattice spacing across APBs, which are marked with green background. The O-\({{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}_{1\bar{1}0}\) profile is calculated from corresponding ABF image in Fig. S8. e, f The 3D views Pb-displacement maps. The projected direction in f is nearly parallel with antiphase boundary.