Fig. 3: Using loading force signal to differentiate the sole triboelectric signals and the sole piezoelectric signals.
a Schematic diagram of measuring sole triboelectric signals from the PI-based device. Sole triboelectric signals including c short-circuit current, e open-circuit voltage, and g transferred charge are obtained under a certain i force signal, respectively. b Schematic diagram of measuring sole piezoelectric signals from PVDF-based device with a shielding layer. The conductive shielding layer is attached on the device’s surface, which can guide the induced triboelectric charges (IT) flow to the ground and only piezoelectric signals (IP) can be obtained in the front electrode. Sole piezoelectric signals including d short-circuit current, f open-circuit voltage, and h transferred charge are obtained under a certain j force signal, respectively.
