Fig. 2: Characterizations of magnetically tightened form-stable phase change materials (MTPCMs).

a SEM images and the corresponding EDX element mappings for the cross-section of MTPCMs, revealing the directional alignment of NdFeB@Ag particles induced by the magnetic field. Scale bars: 50 μm, 10 μm, 10 μm and 10 μm. b Comparison of XRD patterns among MTPCM, NdFeB@Ag, paraffin, and the PDF card of pure Ag. c Magnetic hysteresis loops of MTPCMs with different volume ratios and the typical MTPCM sample at different temperatures at different time points. d, e Surface magnetic flux density of MTPCM in the direction along and perpendicular to the magnetic field. f Surface magnetic field distributions of MTPCMs with different shapes. Scale bars: 4 mm.