Fig. 4: Application of iSOS, but not asynchronous cortical axonal activation rescued spatial memory deficits in HPC-lesioned mice.
From: Acquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice

a, b Scheme of the double dissociation experiment. a During training, LEC-axons in two cortical areas in HPC lesioned mice were activated by two independent fibers with either synchronized signal (iSOS30Hz) or asynchronous signal (Ctrl. random pulses of each, same total pulse number). b HPC-lesioned mice were divided into two groups, both of which underwent the sequential maze tasks in two boxes in the same order. Group 1 mice were only applied with cortical iSOS during learning in the first maze and group 2 mice were only applied iSOS in the second maze. c Learning curves for two groups in CtxA. (NGroup1 = 8; NGroup2 = 10; ANOVA, Time factor: F(3, 48) = 11.3, P < 0.0001; Group factor: F(1, 16) = 8.2, P = 0.0113; Interaction, F(3, 48) = 1.3, P = 0.2976; Bonferroni post-hoc test, PGroup1:Day4 vs. Day1 < 0.0001, PGroup2: Day4 vs. Day1 = 0.0689). d Probe trials of the two groups in CtxA (two-sided t-test, t(16) = 3.8, P = 0.0017). e Learning curves for two groups in CtxB (ANOVA, Time factor: F(3, 48) = 4.7, P = 0.0056; Group factor: F(1, 16) = 0.36, P = 0.5582; Interaction, F(3, 48) = 4.7, P = 0.0062; Bonferroni post-hoc test, P Group1:Day4 vs. Day1 > 0.9999, PGroup2: Day4 vs. Day1 < 0.0001). f Probe trials of the two groups in CtxB (two-sided t-test, t(16) = 3.9, P = 0.0013). Each dot represents one mouse. Error bar shows lines shows S.E.M.