Fig. 5: Optimization of the biosynthetic pathway to improve IPDO production in E. coli.

a IPDO production strain construction by screening hydroxylases and α-keto decarboxylase in the designed pathway from leucine to IPDO. b IPDO production of the constructed strains cultivated in the FM-II medium with (pink) and without (blue) the addition of leucine. c Increase IPDO production by the construction of strain IP08 overexpressing leucine operon (leuAfbrBCD to enhance leucine supply and further strain IP09 overexpressing acetolactate synthase alsS and ilvCD to enhance 2-ketoisocapraote (KIC) supply. d Reducing the formation of the byproduct valine by constructing strain IP10 overexpressing tyrosine aminotransferase tyrB. IPDO and amino-acid titers were measured after 48 h of cultivation. Genes ilvIH, ilvCD, and leuABCD are from E. coli. Gene alsS are from Bacillus subtilis. For b–d, the average and s.d. of three biologically independent experiments are shown. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.