Fig. 5: Population differences in proteome-defined pathway activity scores.

Shown are population differences in the abundance of proteins driving (a) autophagy, (b) apoptosis, (c) chemotaxis, (d) promotion of tumor immunity, (e) suppression of tumor immunity, and (f) vasculature. Heatmaps despict levels of process/pathway-associated proteins in relationship to population group (Ghanaian, AA, EA). Shown to the right are the mean score differences for these processes/pathways among the three population groups. Profiles for Ghanaian (n = 654), AA (n = 374), and EA (n = 454) men without prostate cancer are shown. The process/pathway scores are derived from the average z-scores of all the associated proteins. These scores are shown as violin plots and were compared using two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum tests. P values were adjusted for multiple comparison. FDR-adjusted P value significance was coded as <0.0001 (****), <0.001 (***), and ≥0.05 (ns). The violin plots represent median values ± IQR. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. TI  tumor immunity. FDR  False Discovery Rate, AA  African American, and EA  European American.