Fig. 1: Structure, element and surface morphology characterization of the film.
From: Giant tunable spin Hall angle in sputtered Bi2Se3 controlled by an electric field
a Low magnification and (b) high-resolution cross-sectional HAADF-STEM image of PMN-PT/Bi2Se3/NiFe. The XPS spectra for the Bi2Se3 film where (c) Bi-4f core level and (d) Se-3d core level. e AFM morphology of PMN-PT/Bi2Se3/NiFe sample.
