Fig. 4: Phenotypic characterisation of bulk CD8 T cells, NARTs and VARTs.

a–b UMAPs of bulk concatenated CD8 + T cells and NARTs at (a) pre-treatment and (b) 3-week post-treatment for patients with SD/PR/CR (n = 8 patients) and PD (n = 4 patients). c Expression of phenotype markers on UMAP. Cells expressing similar parameters are clustered based on expression patterns. d–f Parent population frequencies of selected and (g) for triple-positive Ki67⁺ PD-1⁺ CD39⁺ bulk CD8, NART and VART subpopulations for each patient, either at pre- (n = 14 patients) and 3 weeks post-treatment (n = 14 patients) and between patient with SD/PR/CR (n = 10 patients) and PD (n = 4 patients). h–i CD39⁺ frequencies for bulk CD8 T cells, NART, and VART subpopulations at pre- and post-treatment for patients with SD/PR/CR (n = 10 patients) and PD (n = 4 patients). j–p Representative example of flow contour plots (5%, outliers shown) of key parameters for the NART subpopulation at three-week post-treatment for patient #2389 (DCB; Best RECIST 1.1 CR). q Ki67⁺ , CD39⁺ , and PD-1⁺ subpopulation frequencies for bulk CD8 T cells, NARTs, and VARTs at pre-treatment (n = 14 patients) and at three weeks (n = 14 patients) and 230+ weeks post-treatment (n = 6 patients). For (d–g) groups were compared using non-parametric two-sided Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal–Wallis Dunn’s multiple comparison test for (h) + (i). For (d–i), data is presented as median values ± largest/smallest value within upper/lower quartile ± 1.5 IQR. NS. Not Significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. wk: week, Pre: Pre-treatment, Post: Post-treatment. In (d), (e) and (g) Post: three weeks post-treatment. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.