Fig. 3: Phenomenological model of polar vortex array.
From: Chiral structures of electric polarization vectors quantified by X-ray resonant scattering
a Schematic of polar vortex array. Regions (I) and (III) consist of vortex pair connecting domain regions (II) and (IV). The bold blue arrows indicate the directions of polarizations of each region on the (x–y) surface. The polarization vectors are uniform along the y-axis. b, c Helices about the x-axis (b) and z-axis (c) in the vortex-pair (I and III) regions. d A helix about the z-axis in the domain (II and IV) regions. e Structural parameters of polar vortex array in a phenomenological model.
