Fig. 3: Systematic inflammation after influenza A virus infection of the human alveolus chip. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Systematic inflammation after influenza A virus infection of the human alveolus chip.

From: Mechanical control of innate immune responses against viral infection revealed in a human lung alveolus chip

Fig. 3

a Concentrations of the indicated cytokines at day 17 measured by Luminex assay in the effluent of the vascular channels of alveolus chips infected with HK/68 (H3N2) virus (MOI = 1) versus control untreated chips (Ctrl) at 48 hpi in the presence of 5% strain. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 biological chip replicates except for IL-8 (n = 3) from two independent experiments; unpaired two-tailed t-test. b Volcano plot of DEGs in epithelial cells from HK/68 (H3N2)-infected alveolus chips (MOI = 1) compared to control uninfected chips. P values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. c Dot plot visualization of enriched biological processes in epithelial cells of HK/68 (H3N2) infected alveolus chips (MOI = 1). d Volcano plot of DEGs in endothelial cells from HK/68 (H3N2)-infected alveolus chips (MOI = 1) compared to control uninfected chips. P values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. e Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots showing the significant enrichment of two gene sets in endothelial cells from HK/68 (H3N2)-infected (MOI = 1) compared with control uninfected alveolus chips. f Fluorescence imaging for CellTracker Green-labeled PBMCs at the endothelial cell surface 2 hours after perfusion under static conditions through the vascular channel of uninfected control (Ctrl) versus HK/68 (H3N2)-infected alveolus chips at 24 hpi (MOI = 1). Scale bar: 100 µm. g Graph showing number of PBMCs recruited to the endothelium in response to infection by HK/68 (H3N2) (MOI = 1) and the baseline level of PBMCs in uninfected chips (Ctrl). Data represent mean ± SD. n = 3 biological chip replicates; unpaired two-tailed t-test. h Graph showing the relative percentages of monocytes, T cells, and B cells before being added to the chips or in the epithelial (epi) or endothelial cell channel (endo) 2 h after being added to endothelial channel of the chips. Data represent mean ± SD.; n = 3 biological chip replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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